Poisoning

poisoning

Poisoning occurs when a person is exposed to or ingests a toxic substance, whether accidentally, intentionally, or through environmental contact. Poisons can include chemicals, medications, household products, plants, or venomous bites or stings from animals. Symptoms of poisoning vary widely depending on the substance involved but may include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dizziness, difficulty breathing, seizures, and altered mental status. Prompt recognition and treatment are critical to minimize the effects of poisoning and prevent serious complications. Management may involve decontamination techniques such as washing off chemicals or inducing vomiting (under medical supervision), administration of antidotes or specific treatments for certain toxins, supportive care to maintain vital functions, and monitoring for potential complications.

  • Immediate removal of the individual from the source of poisoning and activation of emergency medical services (EMS) for rapid transport to a healthcare facility equipped to manage poisoning cases.
  • Identification of the specific poison, if possible, through history-taking, examination, and laboratory tests, to guide treatment decisions and antidote administration.
  • Close monitoring of the individual’s vital signs, neurological status, and organ function to assess the severity of poisoning and response to treatment, with interventions adjusted accordingly to prevent further harm.