Myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when there is a sudden blockage of blood flow to a part of the heart muscle. This blockage usually results from the buildup of fatty deposits (plaques) in the coronary arteries, which supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart. Without adequate blood flow, the affected heart muscle begins to die, leading to symptoms such as chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, nausea, and sweating. Prompt medical attention is crucial to minimize heart damage and prevent complications. Treatment often involves medications to dissolve or prevent blood clots, procedures such as angioplasty to restore blood flow, and lifestyle changes to reduce the risk of future heart problems.